GUM RETRACTION METHODS IN ORTHOPEDIC DENTISTRY: CURRENT STATE OF THE PROBLEM

Gingival retraction is the procedure of bending gingival margin away from tooth surface, which provides sufficient horizontal and vertical space between prepared finish line gingiva for introduction a amount impression material. Several factors influence success durability orthopedic restorations in dentistry. In particular, supragingival margins are necessary to maintain periodontal health, but do not provide optimal aesthetics. The should be clean accessible during making, groove wide enough (from 0.15 0.20 mm). Therefore, dentistry, problem gum technique, chosen technique on relevant. Ideally, simple, fast inexpensive, cause damage tissues. Today, there various methods retraction, including cords, rotary curettage, copper tapes, electrosurgical techniques, laser use some types polymer plastic materials. article an overview main commonly accepted can classified into mechanical, chemical surgical. Particular attention paid such as non-medicated medicated wireless methods, astringent hemostatic agents, paste gums, vasoconstrictors, lasers, electrosurgery.
 Study substantiation: Despite significant progress dentistry last decades, clear criteria selection method currently allocated.
 purpose study: conduct analysis modern available highlight safety effectiveness each depending clinical situation.
 materials methods: scientific sources recent years, devoted analyzed by review, system content analysis. search strategy was manually Pub-Med Google Scholar databases 1985 2022 articles related prior making fixed prosthesis. Key words included "impression making" "gingival retraction".
 assessed according following criteria: A – (degree recession, possibility controlling bleeding outflow fluid). B degree (ideally, agents used lead epithelial tissue). Otherwise, this reversible. maximum apical recession after exceed 0.10 mm. C-absorption tissue systemic effects.
 conclusion review general assessment effectiveness, absorption agents. Emphasis placed greatest efficiency method. author suggests further research direction. additional conducted develop methods.